<![CDATA[Others]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com RSS Feed for Disease Wise Article | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+http://eurekaselect.com) Fri, 29 Mar 2024 09:13:52 +0000 <![CDATA[Others]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com https://www.eurekaselect.com <![CDATA[Docking Investigation on Bis (Nitro Indazolyl) Methanes; Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Towards Breast Cancer Applications]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113962 <![CDATA[Harnessing the Natural Pool of Polyketide and Non-ribosomal Peptide Family: A Route Map towards Novel Drug Development]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114964 <![CDATA[Inactivation of Parathyroid Hormone: Perspectives of Drug Discovery to Combating Hyperparathyroidism]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113661 <![CDATA[A Novel Work on Analyzing STRESS and Depression level of Indian Population During COVID-19]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110830Objective: The world is facing the pandemic of COVID-19, which has led to a considerable level of stress and depression in mankind as well as in society. Statistical measurements can be made for early identification of the stress and depression level and prevention of the prevailing stressful conditions. Several studies have been carried out in this regard. The Machine learning model is the best way to predict the level of stress and depression in humankind by statistically analyzing the behavior of humans which helps in the early detection of stress and depression. This helps to prevent society from psychological pressures from any disaster like COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic is one of the public health emergencies that are of great international concern. It imposes a great physiological burden and challenges on the population of the country facing the calamity caused by this disease.

Methods: In this paper, the authors conducted a survey based on some questionnaires related to depression and stress and used the machine learning approach to predict the stress and depression level of humankind in the pandemic of COVID-19. The data sets were analyzed using the Multiple Linear Regression Model. The predicted score of stress and depression was mapped into DASS-21. The predictions have been made over different age groups, gender, and categories. The machine learning model is the best way to predict the level of stress and depression in humans by statistically analyzing their behavior which helps in the early detection of stress and depression.

Results: Women, in general, were more stressed and depressed than men . Moreover, the people who are 45+ years of age were found to be more stressed and depressed, including male and female students. The overall analysis showed that the people of India were stressed and depressed at “Serve” level due to COVID-19. It may be because students were more depressed about their study and career, women were stressed about their business as well as their salary and aged people were depressed due to their health concerns in COVID-19 disaster .

Conclusion: The researchers conducted an analysis of data based on DASS-21 parameters defined for anxiety, depression, and stress at the global level. By the analysis defined in section 5, researchers concluded that the people of India are more stressed and depressed at \"Serve\" level due to COVID-19.

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<![CDATA[Nano Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113368Background: There is an unmet need for effective diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and subsequent hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). The nanotechnology and nanodrug delivery could be a probable answer to solve this problem; this novel technique will surely take the diagnosis of pain and anti-inflammatory therapy to newer heights offering faster pain relief to the patient.

Objective: This study aimed to collect more information regarding aspects of nanotechnology- based applications for pain management.

Methods: A systemic search has been carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, etc. for relevant articles.

Results and Conclusion: The article reviews possible applications of nano science for betterment of anti-inflammatory therapy, which may help pain researchers. Our systematic analysis of previous studies showed that, with the ease of nanotechnology, we can effectively lower down the side effects and tolerance associated with current pain management systems. Advance nanomaterial based therapies will undoubtedly reduce the time span associated along with fewer side effects. By merging nanotechnology aspects along with drug carrier systems, we can effectively design such systems with inherent properties to treat pain.

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<![CDATA[<i>Cannabis Sativa</i> L. Flower and Bud Extracts Inhibited <i>In vitro</i> Cholinesterases and β-Secretase Enzymes Activities: Possible Mechanisms of Cannabis Use in Alzheimer Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114436Background: There are anecdotal claims on the use of Cannabis sativa L. in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, but there is a lack of scientific data to support the efficacy and safety of Cannabis sativa L. for Alzheimer’s disease.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. on the cholinesterases and β-secretase enzymes activities as one of the possible mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods: The phytochemical and heavy metal contents were analysed. The extracts were screened for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase activity. Cytotoxicity of extracts was performed in normal vero and pre-adipocytes cell lines. The extracts were characterized using high-performance thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for their chemical fingerprints. Alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides were present amongst the tested phytochemicals. Cannabidiol concentrations were comparatively high in the hexane and dichloromethane than in dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol extracts.

Results: Hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed a better inhibitory potential towards cholinesterase activity, while water, hexane, dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol showed an inhibitory potential towards β-secretase enzyme activity. All extracts showed no cytotoxic effect on pre-adipocytes and vero cells after 24- and 48-hours of exposure.

Conclusion: Therefore, this may explain the mechanism through which AD symptoms may be treated and managed by Cannabis sativa L. extracts.

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<![CDATA[Diagnostic Tools, Biomarkers, and Treatments in Diabetic polyneuropathy and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115276 <![CDATA[5-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-{[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1Hindole (KAD22) with Antioxidant Activity]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/1134262 receptor agonist with antioxidant activity for possible treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The compound was obtained from 5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indole- 2-carbaldehyde and 2-(piperazin-1-yl)phenol. KAD22 showed no affinity to dopamine D2 receptor but it is a potent antioxidant. Experimental and computational structural studies (conformational analysis, HOMO and LUMO orbitals, electrostatic potential map, non-covalent interaction plot, spectral properties, ligand-receptor interactions) of KAD22 were performed to address its biological activity.]]> <![CDATA[Research on Monitoring System of Daily Statistical Indexes Through Big Data]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111502Objectives: By constructing a monitoring system, the dynamic monitoring of various statistical indexes is realized, and scientific evaluation is carried out at the same time, so as to promote the rational allocation of medical resources in hospitals and facilitate management.

Methods: Starting from the design of the monitoring system database and main functions, the development of the monitoring system is initiated through index collection, interface configuration, report display, data warehouse construction, etc., and then the key and difficult points of the system construction are analyzed.

Results: To build a daily statistical index monitoring system under the background of big data, and help hospital managers master the actual operation of hospital medical quality, medical technology and resources.

Conclusion: Improving the level of statistical informatization and ensuring the quality of statistical data is of great significance.

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<![CDATA[Pregnancy Outcomes in Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in the West of Iran]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115009Background: Adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy in women aged between 13-19 years, is considered a major health problem.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies.

Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City for delivery. The case group was pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 19 years (adolescent pregnancy), and the control group included pregnant women whose gestational age was at 19-35 years (adult women pregnancy). Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. The significant level was considered less than 0.05.

Results: The unwanted pregnancy was significantly higher in adolescent women (45% vs. 28.5%, P=0.002). 18% of adolescent women had the experience of spouse violence compared to 4.25% in the control group (P<0.001). Accessing prenatal care and supplements were significantly higher in adult women (P<0.05). The adult mothers had significantly higher cesarean section delivery compared adolescent group (54.91% vs. 33%, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant association between postpartum hemorrhages and the study group (22% in cases compared to 13.75% in the control group, P=0.04). The Apgar score 1 minute was significantly higher in adult mothers (8.05±2.08 vs. 7.39±2.05, P<0.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, adolescent mothers in the west of Iran had a higher risk of inadequate prenatal care, low Apgar score, and postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, society should focus on public health policies that can improve the adequacy of prenatal care among adolescents.

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<![CDATA[Prevalence of Anxiety During Pregnancy in Women with Previous Spontaneous Abortions]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115314Backgroundː: Abortion results in emotional stress affecting the mental health of women. Women become more anxious in the subsequent pregnancy. The severity of anxiety depends on the number of prior pregnancy losses.

Aim: To study the prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy in women with previous spontaneous abortions.

Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted on 200 women (study group) with a previous history of spontaneous abortions and compared with 200 women (control group) with a previous normal delivery. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale for all women in the first trimester. Anxiety score <17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe anxiety.

Results: In the study population, most women were found to be in the age group of 26-30 years. 149 (74.5%) women had previous one spontaneous abortion and 51 (25.5%) had previous two spontaneous abortions in the study group. The prevalence of anxiety was observed in 42 (21%) in the study group and 20 (10%) in the control group and was found to be statistically significant. In the study group, 26 (62%) women had mild anxiety, 13 (31%) with moderate anxiety and 3 (7%) had severe anxiety and 14 (60%) had mild anxiety, 6(40%) moderate anxiety in the control group.

Conclusion: Women experience emotional trauma and stress following previous pregnancy losses, which can have a negative impact on their mental health. Anxiety increases in the subsequent pregnancy. Anxiety level depends on the number of previous pregnancy losses. Hence careful prenatal care and psychological support should be advised to pregnant women with prior spontaneous abortions to improve the quality of life.

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<![CDATA[The Role of Spiritual Health Experience with Intensity and Duration of Labor Pain While Childbearing and Postpartum]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114841Background: The birth of a child is one of the most important events in a mother's life. The use of religious beliefs and spirituality is often considered as a constructive coping strategy in improving the psychological health of individuals.

Objective: the present study aimed to examine the role of spiritual health experience with intensity and duration of labor pain during childbearing and postpartum.

Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 200 pregnant women who were 37-42 weeks pregnant and referred to Shiraz Medical Hospital for delivery were selected by nonprobability convenience sampling method. Personal and Midwifery Information Questionnaire and Ellison- Paloutzian Spiritual Health Questionnaire were used for data collection. These questionnaires were completed by interviews. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive test was used for data description and Chi-square test was used for data analysis. The significance level in all testes was set at <0.05.

Results: There is a significant negative relationship between the variable of spiritual health and duration of the admission stage until the full opening of the cervix in primipara and multipara. However, there is no significant relationship between the variables of complete opening of the cervix to fetal delivery and fetal delivery to placental delivery and maternal spiritual health.

Conclusion: This study increases our knowledge about spiritual health strategies to prevent labor pains and promote mental health in pregnant women. Midwives should be sensitive to the spiritual health of pregnant women and integrate this element into maternal care.

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<![CDATA[A Study of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Spiritual Health Among Cesarean and Vaginal Delivery]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115195Background: One of the most important causes of anxiety during pregnancy is postpartum anxiety and the effects that this anxiety can have on the health of mother and infant and the role that studies have considered for spiritual health in promoting mental health.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between anxiety and spiritual health of mothers with cesarean section and vaginal delivery.

Methods: This study was performed on 171 women referred to Amir al-momenin (PB) in Gerash Hospital (Fars, Iran) from August 2017 to October 2018. Convenience sampling was used. Data were collected through Demographic Information Questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, and Pulotzin and Ellison Spiritual Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including mean, standard deviation and frequency percentage and analytical methods, such as independent T-test and Pearson correlation.

Results: There was no significant difference between the mean of total score of anxiety (P = 0.560) and spiritual health (P = 0.313) in mothers with cesarean section and vaginal delivery). There was no significant correlation between maternal spiritual health, maternal anxiety, cesarean delivery (r = -0.111, p = 0.269) and vaginal delivery (r = 0.152, P = 0.209).

Conclusion: In this study, anxiety and spiritual health were not different among cesarean section and vaginal delivery women and unlike other studies, no correlation was found between spiritual health and anxiety. However, further studies in this field and attention to other strategies to control labor anxiety among women seem necessary.

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<![CDATA[Infertile Women's Perceptions of Infertility: A Phenomenological Study Based on Metaphor Analysis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114482Background: Infertility is an increasing health problem which affects 10-15% of couples across the world. Infertility can cause various psychosocial problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, social isolation and stigmatization during the diagnosis and treatment process.

Objective: The study was designed to reveal what kinds of cognitive images (metaphors) women produce in defining infertility, why they produce them and whether the metaphors produced by them differ depending on their professional culture.

Methods: This study is a qualitative research carried out based on metaphor analysis in phenomenology design. The study was conducted on 15 participants. The data were collected by the researcher between May-July 2019.

Results: The metaphors revealed by participants on what infertility meant to them, according to their professional culture, included dry and fruitless tree, a defective human, cube, cactus and rose, empty tin can, hope and snowdrop, orzo, parasite, national lottery ticket, stock market, figures, surprise egg, bird, a slowly filled lake, and a disease that is very difficult to treat.

Conclusion: Metaphors reflect the beliefs, values and norms of individuals. According to the findings, we can understand and comment on infertile women’s perceptions regarding infertility and what infertility means to them.

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<![CDATA[The Radiosensitizing Effect of Olanzapine as an Antipsychotic Medication on Glioblastoma Cell]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113452Background: Radiotherapy is used as one of the most effective regimens for cancer treatment, while radioresistance is a major drawback in cancer treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitizing effect of olanzapine (OLA) with X-ray on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells death.

Methods: The synergistic killing effect of OLA with ionizing radiation (IR) on glioma was evaluated by colony formation assay. The generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl (PC) as oxidized proteins were determined in OLA-treated and irradiated cells.

Results: Results of this study showed that OLA reduced the number of colonies in irradiated glioma cells.OLA elevated ROS and PC levels in irradiated cells. The synergistic killing effect of OLA with IR in U-87 MG cells was observed at concentrations of 1 μM and 20 μM of OLA. The maximum radiosensitizing effect of OLA was observed at a concentration of 20 μM.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that OLA has a radiosensitizing effect on cell death induced by IR in glioma cells.

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<![CDATA[Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113947 <![CDATA[Automated Radiosynthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Coumarin- Triazole Hybrid with fluorine-18: A feasibility study]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113804Background: Fluorine-18 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target specific information related to its physiology to understand the disease status through the PET modality. In the current study, the radiochemical synthesis, purification, and molecular docking studies of fluorine-18 (18F) radiolabeled coumarin-triazole hybrid have been performed.

Objective: To develop target specific fluorine-18 radiotracer for the diagnosis in oncology.

Methods: GE Tracer-lab FX2N module with few modifications in the line connections was used for the radiosynthesis and purification of target molecule [18F]SG-2, 4-((2,6-dimethylmorpholino) methyl)-7-((1-(4-(fluoro-18F) benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one, through the nucleophilic radiofluorination mechanism. The radiochemical purity was measured by HPLC, and TLC analytical methods. The kryptofix levels were also evaluated by using the TLC method. The residual solvents like DMF, ethanol were measured using GC. The Schrödinger drug discovery suite 2018 was used to study the protein and ligand interactions.

Results: The quality control parameters revealed the purity, chemical identity, and limits of residual solvents. The radiochemical purity was 95.5 ± 2.3%, and dimethylformamide solvent limit was 89 ± 3 ppm. The molecular docking results had suggested that the cold target molecule has made strong electronic interactions and showed the possible pharmacokinetic (ADME) properties with galectin-1 protein. Overall, these results showed that [[18F]SG-2 radiolabeling with 18F radionuclide was feasible, and support of molecular docking studies suggest possible interactions with Galectin- 1.

Conclusion: we reported a feasibility study for labeling coumarin-triazole hybrid with fluorine-18 through aromatic nucleophilic fluorination reaction (SNAr).

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<![CDATA[MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114197 <![CDATA[The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Women’s Health and Well-being During Their Reproductive Years: A Mixed-methods Systematic Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113388Background: The incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) among younger women now accounts for 40% of females with T2DM. Women of reproductive age with T2DM have additional health considerations and their needs may differ from older populations.

Objectives: The aims were (1) to identify the health issues encountered by women aged 16-45 years living with T2DM; (2) to determine the modifiable risk factors associated with living with diabetes; (3) to specify ideas for interventions to meet age and gender-specific diabetes-related healthcare needs.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in the following databases; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Maternity and Infant Care. Databases were searched without time and study design limits. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Data were narratively synthesised due to mixed methods evidence included.

Results: A total of 32 papers were included in the review from which six domains were identified from the synthesis: (1) diabetes related modifiable risk factors: blood glucose, cardiovascular risk, neuropathy/nephropathy/retinopathy, diabetes self-management barriers (2) reproductive health: diabetes care before pregnancy, pre-pregnancy care barriers and expectations of women, contraceptive use (3) psychosocial wellbeing: depression symptoms and diabetes distress, perception of T2DM, emotional concerns about pregnancy (4) sexual function; (5) menopause; (6) sociocultural factors: social support, cultural norms.

Conclusion: This review highlighted specific health issues affecting women of reproductive age with T2DM and which represent an important focus for health services research and health care delivery. Future research needs to address identified health domains to improve women’s health and well-being living with T2DM.

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<![CDATA[Analysis of Univariate and Multivariate Filters Towards the Early Detection of Dementia]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110355 Methods: For this purpose, an ensemble approach of univariate and multivariate feature selection methods has been proposed in this study. A comparison of four univariate feature selection techniques (t-Test, Wilcoxon, Entropy and ROC) and six multivariate feature selection approaches (ReliefF, Bhattacharyya, CFSSubsetEval, ClassifierAttributeEval, CorrelationAttributeEval, OneRAttributeEval) has been performed. The ensemble of best univariate & multivariate filter algorithms is proposed which helps in acquiring a subset of features that includes only relevant and non-redundant features. The classification is performed using Naïve Bayes, k-NN, and Random Forest algorithms.

Results: Experimental results show that t-Test and ReliefF feature selection is capable of selecting 10 relevant features that give the same accuracy when all features are considered. In addition to it, the accuracy obtained using k-NN with an ensemble approach is 99.96%. The statistical significance of the method has been established using Friedman’s statistical test.

Conclusion: The new ranking criteria computed by the ensemble method efficiently eliminate the insignificant features and reduces the computational cost of the algorithm. The ensemble method has been compared to the other approaches for ensuring the superiority of the proposed model.

Discussion: The percentage gain in accuracy for all three classifiers, Naïve Bayes, k-NN, and Random Forest shows a remarkable difference noted down for the percentage gain in the accuracies after applying feature selection using Naïve Bayes and k-NN. Using univariate filter selection methods, the t-test is outshining among all the methods while selecting only 10 feature subsets.]]> <![CDATA[Meta-heuristic Techniques to Train Artificial Neural Networks for Medical Image Classification: A Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/109936 <![CDATA[Research on Improved Gamma Transform Face Image Preprocessing Fusion Algorithm Under Complex Lighting Conditions]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110156 Objective: To improve the current gamma transform.

Methods: This study proposes a weighted fusion algorithm of adaptive gamma transform and edge feature extraction. First, this paper proposes an adaptive gamma transform algorithm for face image pre-processing, that is, the parameter of transformation generated by calculation according to the specific gray value of the input face image. Secondly, this paper uses a Sobel edge detection operator to extract the edge information of the transformed image to get the edge detection image. Finally, this paper uses the adaptively transformed image and the edge detection image to obtain the final processing results through a weighted fusion algorithm.

Results: The contrast of the face image after pre-processing is appropriate, and the details of the image are obvious.

Conclusion: The method proposed in this paper can enhance the face image while retaining more face details, without human-computer interaction, and has a lower computational complexity degree.]]> <![CDATA[Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Using Extreme Learning Machine-Tree Classifier on Apache Spark Cluster]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/109698 Methods: In this paper, a health status prediction system is proposed to detect cardiovascular diseases through patients’ tweets. Further analytics is carried on a distributed Apache Spark (AS) framework to reduce the time taken for both training and testing when compared with regular standalone machines. Social media streaming data is considered as one of the major sources for data in the proposed system. In this model, attributes of the incoming user tweets are analyzed, and accordingly, cardiovascular risk is predicted, and the latest health status is tweeted back as a reply to the respective user along with a copy to the family and caretakers.

Results: Performance of the proposed framework with Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) - Tree classifier is evaluated on two different corpora. It outperforms other classifiers such as Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Linear SVC, DNN, etc. in both accuracy and time.

Conclusion: This proposed study hypothesizes a model for an alert-based system for heart status prediction by adding some additional features impacting the accuracy besides reducing the response time by using Big data Apache Spark Distributed Framework.]]> <![CDATA[Formulation and Evaluation of α-Pinene Loaded Self-emulsifying Nanoformulation for <i>In-Vivo</i> Anti-Parkinson's Activity]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115094Aim: The present study was aimed to developed and optimize the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system of α-pinene (ALP-SNEDDS) and evaluate its in-vivo anti-Parkinson's activity.

Background: Different lipid-based drug delivery technologies have been researched to upgrade drug bioavailability and expand their clinical adequacy upon oral administration. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have pulled in developing the interest specifically for self nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS).

Objective: The present work was attempted to improve the bioavailability of the ALP by defining the role of self-nano emulsifying formulations for its neuroprotective effect.

Methods: Miscibility of the ALP was estimated in various excipient components to select the optimized combination. Self-nano emulsification, thermodynamic stability, the effect of dilution on robustness, optical clarity, viscosity, and conductivity tests were performed. The in-vivo anti-Parkinson's activity of the ALP-SNEDDS formulations were done using Pilocarpine antagonism induced Parkinsonism in rodents. Behavioral tests like tremulous jaw movements, body temperature, salivation, and lacrimation are performed.

Results: Two optimized formulations, composed of Anise oil, Tween 80, and Transcutol-HP of Oil: Smix ratio (4:6 and 3:7) were selected. The Smix ratio for both the formulation was 2:1. The particle size was found to consistent with the increase in dilution. The mean negative zeta potential of the formulations was found to be increased with an increase in dilution. The TEM images of the formulations revealed spherical shape of the droplet. The in-vitro drug release profile was found to be significant as compared to plain ALP suspension.

Conclusion: The results of in-vivo studies indicate that nanosizing and enhanced solubilization of oral ALP-SNEDDS formulations significantly improved the behavioral activities compared to plain ALP suspension.

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<![CDATA[<i>Thespesia populnea</i>: An Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112301Thespesia populnea, family Malvaceae, commonly known as paras pipal and Indian tulip tree, is widely distributed in coastal forests of India and south-eastern areas. The plant is medicinally used for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cutaneous infections, brain and liver disorders. The review summarizes all the information related to botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical components and biological activities of T. populnea, in order to exploit the therapeutic potential of this plant. The available information about T. populnea was collected through the online search on Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar. T. populnea is widely explored concerning its phytochemistry and biological activities. Amongst all phytoconstituents present in Thespesia, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds are major bioactive ingredients in the plant. Experimental studies show that these compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, wound healing, anti-alzheimer, anti-ulcer and anti-psoriasis in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. To sum up, the plant, T. populnea, possesses high medicinal and social value, and deserves further investigation. T. populnea is a promising plant to be utilized in the development of pharmaceutical drug products. However, there is a lack of scientific studies to confirm its ethnopharmacological uses. In addition, further studies on the isolation of bioactive molecules and their pharmacological studies are recommended that could be of great significance towards the clinical application of this plant.]]> <![CDATA[Melittin: A Natural Peptide with Expanded Therapeutic Applications]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112302Apis mellifera, European honey bee venom (BV), is a complex combination of chemical compounds comprising proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other small molecules. Melittin (MEL), which is the key component of BV, is considered as an alternative for the treatment of various infections. MEL is an amphipathic, cell-penetrating, 26-residue, a-helical anti-hepatoma peptide derived from BV. However, owing to its initial conformational strength and poor stability, the use of melittin is constrained as a medication.

Objectives: The study focused on collective data of therapeutic activities of Bee venom component, MEL.

Methods: Regardless of its broad variety of biological and possible therapeutic uses, there has been increasing concern regarding the use of MEL. According to the literature, MEL revealed a variety of activities ranging from anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory to anti-diabetic activity. The present review article summarizes the therapeutic applications of MEL, their mechanism of action along with recent research progress in the field of its delivery.

Conclusion: It could be concluded that MEL exerts multiple effects on the cellular functions of infected cells.]]> <![CDATA[The Molecular Mechanism of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi Stems and Leaves Flavonoids in Promoting Neurogenesis and Improving Memory Impairment by the PI3K-AKT-CREB Signaling Pathway in Rats]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115578Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves flavonoids (SSF) in promoting neurogenesis and improving memory impairment induced by the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway.

Methods: Alzheimer's disease (AD) was induced in the male Wistar rats by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1(RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ). The Morris water maze was used to screen the successful establishment of the memory impairment model of rats. The screened successful model rats were randomly divided into a model group and three groups of three different doses of the drug (SSF). Rats in the drug group were treated with 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg of SSF for 43 days. The Eight-arm maze was used to measure the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rat, including working memory errors (WME) and reference memory errors (RME). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BrdU, an indicator of neuronal proliferation, in the hippocampal gyrus of rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, and IGF2 in the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting methods.

Results: Compared to the sham group, the spatial memory ability of rats with composited Aβ was decreased, the number of WME and RME (P < 0.01) was increased, the expression of BrdU protein (P < 0.01) in the hippocampal gyrus was reduced, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRKB, AKT, and IGF2 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were lowered, and the mRNA expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the cerebral cortex and the protein expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the hippocampus were augmented. However, compared to the model group, the three-doses of SSF improved memory disorder induced by composited Aβ, reduced the number of WME and RME, increased the expression of BrdU protein in the hippocampal gyrus, and differently regulated the mRNA and protein expressions in composited Aβ rats.

Conclusion: SSF improved memory impairment and neurogenesis disorder induced by composited Aβ in rats by activating the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, CREB, and IGF2.

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<![CDATA[Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of 2019-Novel Coronavirus in India: A Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112059Purpose: As of, from 30th Jan to 31st May, 2020, more than 182,143 confirmed cases were reported in India along with 86,984 recovered cases and 5164 deceased cases of COVID-19. More than 53 countries are also affected with this pandemic virus. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat this pandemic disease is a major problem in this current scenario. In this regard, this systemic review was conducted to identify the therapeutic approaches and researches, which are ongoing in India against COVID-19.

Methods: We had screened Google Scholar database with the keywords nCoV, corona virus in India, effect of SARS-CoV-2 in India, 2019-nCoV, treatment pattern in India for nCoV and therapy used to treat nCoV in India. In the final review, we had included a total of 49 articles.

Results: As a result we had found that the Indian Council of Medical Research and NIH have given a standard guideline of Hydroxychloroquine and other antiviral drugs for nCoV, and also there are various researches going on related to nCoV treatment like, chemicals from natural products, herbs and spices commonly used in India, combination therapy of lopinavir and ritonavir, ultra-violet radiation therapy, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of molecules for vaccine preparation, Convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) therapy and many more.

Conclusions: New drugs and therapy are in the premature stage for this hazardous pandemic. We need more time to gain the detailed knowledge of the life cycle of the nCoV, which can speed up the drug/vaccine development process against nCoV.

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<![CDATA[Glutamate NMDA Receptor Antagonists with Relevance to Schizophrenia: A Review of Zebrafish Behavioral Studies]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114206 <![CDATA[Dynamic Role of Macrophage Sub Types on Development of Atherosclerosis and Potential Use of Herbal Immunomodulators as Imminent Therapeutic Strategy]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112515 <![CDATA[An Optimal Combination of Chemically Pure Compounds from <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> for Inhibiting Cell Proliferation]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114242Objective: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Its therapeutic effect has been confirmed by many clinical and pharmacological studies. However, the optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM for treating cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. In this study, we determined the ratio of the optimal compatibility of SM ingredients DSS, Sal-A, Sal-B, and PAL (SABP)with a uniform and orthogonal optimized experimental design. In addition, we determined the anti-oxidation effect of SABP using Adventitial Fibroblasts (AFs).

Methods: By using a combination of uniform and orthogonal designs, we determined the optimal formulation of aqueous extract from SM. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effects of these 4 components of SM on the AFs, which were isolated and cultured from the aorta. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AFs was compared before and after SABP treatment.

Results: The optimal formulation of these 4 aqueous extracts from SM were 150 : 7 : 300 : 500, and their concentrations were S(1.5×10-4 mol/L), A(7×10-6 mol/L), B(3×10-4 mol/L), and P(5×10-4 mol/L). There were some synergies between these 4 components. Moreover, SABP decreased ROS production in AFs.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that SABP inhibits the proliferation and oxidation stress in AFs. The present study provides new evidence that the efficacy and function generated from the optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM are better than lyophilized powder of SM.

]]>
<![CDATA[Epidemiological and Maternal Features of Maternal Mortality in the West of Iran: Hamadan, 2011-2019]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114486 Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological features of maternal mortality in Hamadan province in western Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 maternal deaths that occurred in all hospitals and delivery places in the Hamadan province from March 2011 to January 2019 were studied for epidemiological features and the history of pregnancy care prior to the maternal death was also analyzed. The extracted data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Stata software version 14.

Results: Our findings show that the mortality due to pregnancy and childbirth was 18.07 per 100,000 live birth. The majority of maternal death occurred in women aged 20- 34 years living in urban areas who were mostly housewives. Kabudrahang and Razan towns had the highest maternal mortality rate.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that maternal mortality is higher among women aged 20-34 years (mainly housewives) living in urban areas. Cesarean delivery, having a history of abortion, and gestational age under 37 weeks were other factors associated with maternal death. Therefore, it is suggested to direct the focus of pregnancy care and training programs on these high-risk groups.]]> <![CDATA[The Effect of Consulting Correct Techniques of Breastfeeding on Treatment of Fissure on the Nipple in Primiparous Mothers Referred to Hamadan Healthcare Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113583Background: Nipple fissures are frequent complaints of breastfeeding mothers. Many treatments have been used to treat this problem. However, low-risk methods are more useful for treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of consulting correct techniques of breastfeeding on the treatment of fissures on the nipple in primiparous mothers referred to Hamadan healthcare centers during 2017.

Methods: This is a clinical trial study that was conducted on two groups comprised of 74 primiparous mothers who were admitted to Hamadan health centers in 2017. They were randomly assigned to two groups of treatment and control. After completing the demographic questionnaire, the intervention group received breastfeeding consultation 3-5, 10, and 15 days after birth, and the control group received routine training like applying a little expressed milk on nipples. Storr and Bristol Scales were completed by the researcher before and one week after the last consultation session. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and the significance level was considered 0.05.

Results: The results showed that the mean score of the Bristol checklist in the intervention group after counseling was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and there were also more people in the intervention group with improvement in their nipple fissures (66.7% vs. 37.9% at the score of zero).

Conclusion: Multi-session and face-to-face correct techniques of breastfeeding counselling can help nipple fissure healing in nursing mothers.

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<![CDATA[Highlights on Important Medicinal Plants for the Menopause Syndrome]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114485 Objectives: This work aims to highlight important medicinal plants for the treatment of the transient symptoms of menopause, with less side effects than traditional hormone replacement therapy.

Conclusion: There is sufficient information regarding the efficacy and safety for the use of the following plant species in the treatment of transient symptoms of menopause: Actaea racemosa, Glycine max, Trifolium pratense, Salvia officinalis, Humulus lupulus, Panax ginseng, Vitex agnus-- castus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Additionally, the search indicated the chemical classes related to the benefits of the selected species, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs.]]> <![CDATA[Prenatal Diagnosis Preferences of Turkish Women and the Association of their Choices with Temperament]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113582 Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on pregnant women who were admitted to our outpatient clinic based on the responses to a self-administered questionnaire at the time of combined test or triple test as the first prenatal screening test. 198 pregnant women completed self-administered questionnaires comprising 131 questions including Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego questionnaire (TEMPS-A).

Results: Overall, 88.4% of women were willing to learn if there was an anomaly, whereas 4.5% did not, and 7.5% were uncertain. Of the included patients, 87.9% would decide on the screening tests to be performed, 23.2% had a positive attitude on diagnostic tests, and only 13.1% were in favour of termination. No association was found between the temperament scores and positive, negative, and indecisive attitudes of the patients. In addition, there was no relation between being decisive and indecisive, and the temperament scores except for cyclothymic scores. Indecisive attitude to termination was associated with higher cyclothymic scores (5 (1–13) for decisive patients, 7 (0–17) for indecisive patients, p=0.035).

Conclusion: We found that affective temperaments measured by the TEMPS-A are not related to the attitudes about prenatal screening or diagnostic tests or termination. Indecisive attitude to termination was associated with higher cyclothymic scores.]]> <![CDATA[Informal Caregiving for People with Dementia and Women’s Health: A Gender-based Assessment of Studies on Resilience]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114050i.e., maintain physical and mental health and usual functioning-despite experiencing high burden. Examining the factors that contribute to resilience and the gender differences among caregivers of people with dementia are burgeoning areas of research with implications for women’s health research and practice.

Objective: To conduct a literature review about the resilience among caregivers of people with dementia (PWD), focusing on self-generated processes, and to assess the extent to which studies reported gender information.

Methods: The U.S. National Library of Medicine PubMed database was searched for empirical studies on resilience among informal caregivers of people with dementia published between January 1, 2017 and April 7, 2020 and the retrieved abstracts screened using predetermined criteria. Out of 209 unique records screened, 41 were assessed for eligibility and 27 were reviewed.

Results: All 27 studies reported participant gender distribution (average 71% female, 29% male). Most studies (n = 23) included both genders, and nine (39%) conducted a gender-based analysis of their results. Five categories of resilience-related processes emerged: (1) caregiver experiences, (2) coping strategies, (3) preserving the relationship with care recipients, (4) social support, and (5) specific individual processes with some gender differences.

Conclusion: Although the studies reviewed reported the gender distribution of participants and included men and women, many did not analyze the results by gender. When analyzed, some resilience- related processes differed by gender, pointing to areas for future research.]]> <![CDATA[Postponing Motherhood: A Demographic and Contemporary Issue]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114049 Objective: This study aims to analyse the causes of the postponement of motherhood, to address the maternal and fetal consequences and to explore the solutions to this problem, one of which is the applicability of fertility preservation techniques.

Methods: A bibliographic search of studies published between 2008 and 2020 was conducted in the PubMed database using the MeSH terms “fertility preservation” and “maternal age”, among others.

Results: The reasons that lead to the postponement of motherhood are the difficulty in establishing stable relationships, the expansion of differentiated education and demanding labor conditions, the use of contraceptive methods, economic insecurity, ideational changes and the lack of information about this issue. The increased infertility, fetal death, chromosomal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, preterm birth and increased caesarean sections are the associated medical consequences. The review of social policies and the provision of information about fertility constitute possible solutions to this phenomenon. Fertility preservation techniques, especially oocyte cryopreservation, appear as an option but cannot totally compensate for the age-related fertility decline.

Conclusion: Advanced maternal age is a public health issue, essentially explained by a set of interconnected social factors, involving considerable risks for maternal and fetal health. Fertility preservation techniques, although promising, may contribute to the perpetuation of this reality.]]> <![CDATA[The Association between Domestic Violence Against Women During Pregnancy and Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Pregnancy in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113069 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some adverse clinical outcomes of pregnancy and domestic violence against women during pregnancy in Iran via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence on domestic violence against women during pregnancies in Iran between 2000 to 2018. International and national databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed via Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Irandoc, MagIran, and SID were searched, and data were independently extracted by two researchers. Random effect meta-analysis was used to conduct analysis, and the Cochran test and meta-regression were also performed by STATA (ver. 14) software.

Results: Thirteen studies with a total sample size of 11,818 individuals were included. The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that abortion (OR:6.4, CI95%:1.3-31), low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-7.8), preterm delivery (OR: 1.8, CI 95%: 1.2-2.8) and premature rupture of membranes (OR: 4.5, CI 95%: 1.8-11.2) had a significant association with domestic violence against women during pregnancy.

Conclusion: Considering the significance of domestic violence on adverseclinical outcomes of pregnancy, our results suggested an urgent need for community supportive cares during pregnancy. Also, effective measures are crucial to prevent domestic violence against women because of their significant role in outcomes of pregnancy.]]> <![CDATA[Characterization of Proteins from Putative Human DNA and RNA Viruses]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114166 Objective: The present study’s objective is to bioinformatically characterize the proteins of the two main divisions of viruses, RNA-viruses and DNA-viruses.

Methods: In this work, a set of in-house computational programs was used to calculate the polarity/ charge profiles and intrinsic disorder predisposition profiles of the proteins of several groups of viruses representing both types extracted from the UniProt database. The efficiency of these computational programs was statistically verified.

Results: It was found that the polarity/charge profile of the proteins is, in most cases, an efficient discriminant that allows the re-creation of the taxonomy known for both viral groups. Additionally, the entire set of “reviewed” proteins in the UniProt database was analyzed to find proteins with polarity/ charge profiles similar to those obtained for each viral group. This search revealed a substantial number of proteins with such polarity-charge profiles.

Conclusion: Polarity/charge profile represents a physicochemical metric, which is easy to calculate, and which can be used to effectively identify viral groups from their protein sequences.]]> <![CDATA[Bioinformatics-Based Characterization of Proteins Related to SARS-CoV- 2 Using the Polarity Index Method<sup>®</sup> (PIM<sup>®</sup>) and Intrinsic Disorder Predisposition]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113092 Objective: The objective of the present study is to characterize the physicochemical properties of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins at a residues level, and to generate a “bioinformatics fingerprint” in the form of a “PIM profile” created for each sequence utilizing the Polarity Index Method (PIM), suitable for the identification of these proteins.

Methods: Two different bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze sequence characteristics of these proteins at the residues level, an in-house bioinformatics system PIM, and a set of the commonly used algorithms for the prediction of protein intrinsic disorder predisposition, such as PONDR VLXT, PONDR VL3, PONDR VSL2, PONDR FIT, IUPred_short and IUPred_long. The PIM profile was generated for four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and compared with the corresponding profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins, SARS-CoV-2 putative proteins, SARS-- CoV proteins, MERS-CoV proteins, sets of bacterial, fungal, and viral proteins, cell-penetrating peptides, and a set of intrinsically disordered proteins. We also searched for the UniProt proteins with PIM profiles similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins.

Results: We show that SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins are characterized by a unique PIM profile. A total of 1736 proteins were identified from the 562,253 “reviewed” proteins from the UniProt database, whose PIM profile was similar to that of the SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins.

Conclusion: The PIM profile represents an important characteristic that might be useful for the identification of proteins similar to SARS-CoV-2 proteins.]]> <![CDATA[Protein Aggregation and Self Assembly in Health and Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114479 Among many misfolding protein conformations, self-assembly or aggregation is the most significant. It leads to the formation of highly oligomeric self-aggregates that precipitate and interfere with many biochemical processes with serious pathological consequences. The most common implication of protein aggregation leading to the formation of deposits / plaques of various morphological types is the onset of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), CJD (Creutzfeldt Jakob Dementia), Prion diseases, Amyloidosis and other forms of dementia. However, increasing studies have revealed that protein aggregation may also be associated with other diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, renal, corneal and cardiovascular diseases. Protein aggregation diseases are now considered as part of “Proteinopathy” which refers to conditions where proteins become structurally abnormal or fail to fold into stable normal configurations. In this review, we reflect on various aspects of protein self-aggregation, potential underlying causes, mechanism, role of secondary structures, pathological consequences and possible intervention strategies as reported in published literature.]]> <![CDATA[Expression Analysis of 4-Hydroxynonenal Modified Proteins in Schizophrenia Brain; Relevance to Involvement in Redox Dysregulation]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113538 Objectives: The present study focuses on the identification of HNE-protein adducts and their related molecular consequences in schizophrenia pathology due to oxidative stress, particularly lipid peroxidation.

Materials and Methods: Oxyblotting was performed on seven autopsied brain samples each from the cortex and hippocampus region of schizophrenia patients and their respective normal healthy controls. Additionally, Thiobarbituric Acid Substances (TBARS), reduced Glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activities associated with oxidative stress, were also estimated.

Results: Obtained results indicate substantially higher levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients than healthy control group represented by elevated expression of HNE-protein adducts. Interestingly, the hippocampus region of schizophrenia brain shows increased HNE protein adducts compared to cortex. An increase in catalase activity (4.8876±1.7123) whereas a decrease in antioxidant GSH levels (0.213±0.015μmol/ml) have been observed in SZ brain. Elevated TBARS levels (0.3801±0.0532ug/ml) were obtained in brain regions of SZ patients compared with their controls that reflect increased lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Conclusion: We propose the role of HNE modified proteins possibly associated with the pathology of schizophrenia. Our data revealed increased lipid peroxidation as a consequence of increased TBARS production. Furthermore, altered cellular antioxidants pathways related to GSH and CAT also highlight the involvement of oxidative stress in schizophrenia pathology.]]> <![CDATA[Convolution Neural Network Based Visual Speech Recognition System for Syllable Identification]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110017 Methods: This network extracts the features from mouth movements and different images, respectively. With the help of a source, non-audible mouth movements are taken as an input and then segregated as subsets to get the desired output. The Complete Datum is then arranged to recognize the word as an affricate.

Results: Convolution neural network is one of the most effective algorithms that extract features, perform classification and provides the desired output from the input images for the speech recognition system.

Conclusion: Recognizing the syllables at real-time from visual mouth movement input is the main objective of the proposed method. When the proposed system was tested, datum accuracy and quantity of training sets proved to be satisfactory. A small set of datum is taken as the first step of learning. In future, a large set of datum can be considered for analyzing the data.

Discussion: On the basis of the type of datum, the network proposed in this paper is tested for its precision level. A network is maintained to identify the syllables, but it fails when syllables are of the same set. There is a requirement of a higher end graphics processing units to reduce the time consumption and increase the efficiency of a network.]]> <![CDATA[<i>Prunella vulgaris</i> L: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional Uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113929Background: Prunella vulgaris , family Lamiaceae also known as self-heal, has been traditionally used as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-rheumatic. Due to the widespread distribution of the plant, Vulgaris is also called ‘vulgar’ in Latin adjective meaning common.

Objective: The objective of this review was to describe the relevant aspects of phytochemistry and therapeutic uses of different fractions as well as isolated compounds from Prunella vulgaris . An attempt was also made to enumerate the possible leads, e.g . betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, umbelliferone, scopoletin, esculetin, luteolin, homoorientin, Rosmarinic acid and cinaroside, for further development.

Method: For peer-reviewed research literature, we undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases using a focused review question. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched.

Results: Phytochemistry of Prunella vulgaris (PV) after a thorough literature survey revealed varied and copious metabolites, such as triterpenoids, phenolic acid, sterols, carbohydrates, coumarins, fatty acids, and volatile oils. Many of these compounds have been found to possess a wide range of biological activities per se, including anti-microbial, immunosuppressive, anti-cancer, cardio- protective, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Conclusion: Prunella vulgaris is a medicinal plant of immense medicinal importance having a variety of compounds, such as triterpenoids, phenolic acid, sterols, carbohydrates, coumarins, fatty acids, and volatile oils, and diversity in the pharmacological spectrum. The plant could be further exploited to isolate the various biologically active constituents responsible for its activity.

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<![CDATA[Aqueous Extract of <i>Cola nitida</i> and <i>Garcinia kola</i> Synergistically Enhances Hippocampal-hypothalamic Glutamate and Na+ /K+ -ATPase Activity in Male Wistar Rats]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115077Background: The incidence of cognitive decline has been proposed to rise exponentially in the coming years. Therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in the enhancement of memory and energy regulation could be a major breakthrough in the prevention or management of dementia in susceptible populations.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida (AECONS) and Garcinia kola (AEGAK) on glutamate level and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of male Wistar rats.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (170-200) were randomly allotted into groups (n=5/group); control (distilled water p.o.), AECONS1 (200 mg/kg), AECONS2 (400 mg/kg), AEGAK1 (200 mg/kg), AEGAK2 (400 mg/kg), AECONS1+AEGAK1 and AECONS2+AEGAK2. The extract was prepared and the administration was done daily for 6 weeks.

Results and Discussion: Administration of AECONS or AEGAK increased plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NO, SOD except hippocampal glutamate in AECONS1/AEGAK1, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and SOD in AEGAK1, hypothalamic glutamate and SOD in AECONS1 when compared with control. Besides, MDA level decreased in AEGAK2 and hippocampal but not hypothalamic MDA decreased in AEGAK1 compared with control. However, concomitant administration of AECONS and AEGAK enhanced plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic biomarkers except hypothalamic MDA level. The present study demonstrates that AECONS and AEGAK synergistically enhance hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate and Na+/K+- ATPase activity, which are accompanied by NO and SOD-dependent antioxidant enrichment.

Conclusion: These findings, therefore, suggest that AECONS+AEGAK could be a better therapeutic candidate in hippocampal-hypothalamic-related neurodegenerative diseases.

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<![CDATA[Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia as Experimental Model to Study Effects of Oxycodone on Respiratory Depression]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114535 Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study on 12 healthy adult males. Subjects received 2 treatments (placebo and immediate-release oxycodone 30 mg) separated by a 24-hour washout period. Subjects inhaled a mixture of 7% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, and 72% nitrogen for 5 minutes to assess respiratory depression. Minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume, flow rate, end-tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation were recorded continuously at pre-dose and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post-dose. The primary endpoint was the effect on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia at 60 minutes post-dose, as assessed by the slope of the linear relationship between minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2.

Results: At 60 minutes post-dose, subjects had a mean slope of 2.4 in the oxycodone crossover period, compared to 0.1 in the placebo period (mean difference, 2.3; 95% CI: 0.2 to 4.5; p = 0.035). Statistical significance was likewise achieved at the secondary time points (30, 120, and 180 minutes post-dose, p <0.05).

Conclusions: This model for testing ventilatory response to hypercapnia discriminated the effect of 30 mg of oxycodone vs. placebo for up to 3 hours after a single dose. It may serve as a method to predict the relative effect of a drug on respiratory depression.]]> <![CDATA[Chitosan Nanoparticles: An Approbative System for the Delivery of Herbal Bioactives]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111790 <![CDATA[Puerarin: A Review on the Pharmacological Activity, Chemical Properties and Pharmacokinetics of Main Isoflavonoid]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111214 <![CDATA[Metal Nanocomposites Based Electrochemical Sensor Platform for Few Emerging Biomarkers]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111574 <![CDATA[Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers Suffering from Occupational Contact Dermatitis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114726 Methods: A cross-sectional and exhaustive study was conducted among healthcare personnel of four public hospitals in the central region of Tunisia. All the cases of OD declared were included. Skin-related QoL was assessed using the validated Tunisian version of the “Dermatology Life Quality Index” (DLQI). Some related patents have also been discussed.

Results: A total of 37 cases of OD were collected with an annual incidence of 4.2 cases per 10000 workers. The population was predominantly female (73%) and the mean age was 44.7±9.4 years. Nurses were the most represented occupational category (38%). Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (96%). The use of gloves was the most frequently reported occupational hazard (86%). The most frequently affected sites were hands (97%).

The median score of DLQI was five. Multivariate analysis showed an association between the impairment of skin-related QoL and female gender (p = 0.04; OR = 19.3,84), exposure to disinfecting chemicals in the workplace (p = 0.01; OR = 17,306) and the absence of occupational reclassification (p = 0.01; OR = 21,567).

Conclusion: About one-third of the population had an impaired quality of life. The score impairment was significantly related to the female gender, exposure to disinfecting chemicals and the absence of occupational reclassification.]]> <![CDATA[Ameliorative Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extracts on Memory Impairments in Stress Triggered Rats]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112420 Objective: Although the plant has been described to possess memory enhancing activity, the present study focused on examining the comparative effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts viz. flavonoid rich (GGFE) and glycyrrhizin rich (GGGE) in stress-triggered rats and providing future research insights on this herbal drug, for which no scientific justification has been reported till now.

Methods: Male Wister rats divided into 7 different groups (n= 6 per group) were given chronic foot-shock stress for 21 successive days with scheduled administration of the extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) and standard drug (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Elevated Plus Maze, Rectangular Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Locomotor activity were performed to test behavioral alteration and learning ability of stressed rats. Further, rats were sacrificed to assay acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity in brain samples for their mechanistic role in learning and memory.

Results: Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra indicated a significant alteration in stress-induced learning and memory deficiency in behavioral parameters studied. These extracts also modulated significant changes in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity to improve the learning and memory of stressed rats.

Conclusion: Both the extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGFE and GGGE) were found to exert memory enhancing property in stress-triggered rats. Moreover, the comparative results confirmed that the high potential of GGGE in comparison to GGFE might be due to the rich glycyrrhizin content present in GGGE responsible for acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme modulatory activities. Therefore, GGGE could be used as a promising lead for further mechanistic and molecular studies for defining the role of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra.]]> <![CDATA[A Review on the Nutritional Aspects of Wild Edible Plants]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111736 <![CDATA[Yoga can Alter the Autonomic Neural Activity: A Critical Analysis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/108327 Objective: The purpose of the review study is to analyze the scientific literature related to yoga and autonomic neural responses.

Methods: Researchers of the study collected scientific evidences through electronic online databases; PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google scholar, Web of science, PsycINFO, Shodhganga; Europe PMC; Scopus and critically analyzed all the relevant articles according to the purpose of this study. After the exhaustive search and selecting the studies on the basis of inclusion criteria, 11 full text articles of galvanic skin resistance and 75 articles related to autonomic function were shortlisted for qualitative analysis.

Results: Yogic practices including meditation, pranayama, asana and integrated yoga increase the high-frequency band and decrease the low-frequency band of the heart rate variability spectrum, and this reduces the stress via limbic activity and increases the better psychophysiological relaxation.

Conclusion: Yogic practice may enhance the vagal activity which influences autonomic flexibility.]]>
<![CDATA[A Nanoinformatics Approach to Evaluate the Pharmacological Properties of Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114306 Objectives: Designing new drugs by using experimental approaches is a time-consuming, tedious and laborious process which also requires advanced technologies. This study aims to identify some novel drug candidates against Alzheimer’s disease with no or less associated side effects using molecular docking approaches

Methods: In this study, we utilized nanoinformatics based approaches for evaluating the interaction properties of various nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles with the drug targets, including TRKB kinase domain, EphA4 and histone deacetylase. Furthermore, the drug-likeness of carbon nanotubes was confirmed through ADME analysis.

Results: Carbon nanotubes, either single or double-walled in all the three-configurations, including zigzag, chiral, and armchair forms, are found to interact with the target receptors with varying affinities

Conclusion: This study provides novel and clearer insights into the interaction properties and drug suitability of known putative nanoparticles as potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.]]> <![CDATA[Body Mass Index and Association of Psychological Stress with Exercise Performance in Military Members: The Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hospitalization Events in Armed Forces (CHIEF) Study]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115479 Background: Both obesity and psychological stress reduce exercise performance.

Objective: It is unknown whether obesity may modify the relationship.

Methods: A population of 4,080 military subjects in Taiwan was divided to three groups according to the BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2 (obesity), 24.0-26.9 kg/m2 (overweight) and 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 (normal weight). Normal, slight, and great psychological stress was evaluated by the Brief Symptoms Rating Scale (BSRS-5) score ≤5, 6-9, and ≥10, respectively. Aerobic and anaerobic fitness were respectively evaluated by time for a 3000-meter run and numbers of 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with adjustments for age and sex was used to determine the relationship.

Results: The mean time (sec) for a 3000-meter run (standard error) under slight and great stress differed from that under normal stress in the normal weight (881.0 (11.0) and 877.9 (5.8) vs. 862.2 (1.7), p=0.089 and 0.0088, respectively) and in the obesity (928.1 (16.8) and 921.8 (10.7) vs. 895.2 (1.6), p=0.054 and 0.016, respectively), while the differences were not significant in the overweight (877.1 (12.7) and 877.5 (7.1) vs. 867.1 (2.1), both p >0.5). The impacts of the BMI on 2-minute sit-ups had a similar pattern with that on a 3000-meter run whereas the impact of the BMI on 2-minute push-ups was insignificant.

Conclusions: Mental stress may not affect physical fitness in overweight military personnel. The mechanism is not clear and should be further investigated.]]> <![CDATA[Physical Exercise and Yoga: As an Alternative Approach Towards COVID-19 Management]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115006 Objectives: In view of the current global pandemic, we tried to discuss the potential benefits of two cost-effective alternative approaches, i.e., physical exercise and yoga.

Methods: The editorial is based on a literature search available on PubMed, Google Scholar, and WHO portal. Search terminologies include “yoga,” “physical exercise,” “COVID-19,” “viral infections,” and a combination of these words.

Results: A literature search defines yoga and physical exercise efficacy in different viral diseases, including HIV, influenza, and HSV. It ameliorates the quality of life (QoL) by improving both the physical and mental well-being of an individual. This is mainly done by promoting the better functioning of the immune system (increases CD4+ and CD8+ cells and reduces pro-inflammatory response).

Conclusions: Regular involvement of these activities in day-to-day life may limit latent virus reactivations and reduce infection chances.]]> <![CDATA[The Association of Hot/Cold Status of Temperament with Depression and Hopelessness Scores in Females]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112004 Methods: The sample included 340 healthy females from Fars province, southern Iran. Depression and hopelessness scores were measured using Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s hopelessness scales, respectively. Participants’ hot/cold status of temperament was determined using a self- -reported temperament identification scale, which classified the volunteers’ temperament into three groups, including warm, temperate and cold. One way analysis of variance and the post-hoc Bonferoni test were applied for comparison between the study groups.

Results: According to the result, the mean of depression and hopelessness scores in the cold group was significantly higher than that of the warm group (for depression: p < 0.01, for hopelessness: p < 0.01).

Discussion: The results of this study revealed the association of depression and hopelessness scores with the coldness of temperament, which supports the theoretical principles of TM concerning the correlation of coldness with less positive modes.

Conclusion: In conclusion, based on the data of this study, depression and hopelessness scores appear to be affected by temperament. These findings, therefore, may promise to take advantage of traditional medicine in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.]]>
<![CDATA[<i>Nigella sativa</i>, as Preventive Strategy in COVID-19]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113541 <![CDATA[Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage and Its Determinant Factors Among Infertile Women: A Case of Iran]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110681 Materials and methods: This study was cross-sectional. Infertile women referred to the only center of infertility in Kerman, Iran were selected using convenience sampling. In total, 144 participants were assessed. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics [chi-square test and logistic regression] with SPSS version 18.

Results: 56.3% of participants in the present study used at least one of the CAM methods in the past year. The multivariate logistic regression showed a significant correlation only between education and CAM users/non-users.

Conclusions: According to the results, almost one third of infertile women used CAM to treat their infertility indicating high prevalence of CAM usage among infertile women. Therefore, health care providers must pay more attention for infer-tility treatment to reduce the treatment interactions and increase the quality of care.]]>
<![CDATA[Properties and Recent Advantages of N,N’-dialkylimidazolium-ion Liquids Application in Electrochemistry]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110838 <![CDATA[Co-morbidity of Covid-19 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Patient with Hodgkin's Lymphoma History from North of Iran]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113951Introduction: Immunocompromised patients, especially those hospitalized, are at a higher risk for infection with opportunistic pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) which is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacillus and can cause a challenge in the management of patients with concomitant COVID-19 and S. maltophilia pneumonia.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 was intubated upon admission and the initial standard treatment for COVID-19 was started for him. The patient subsequently developed superimposed bacterial pneumonia with S. maltophilia. According to that, the patient's intubation tube was removed and a tracheostomy was performed for him. Also, antibiotic treatment was replaced with Colistin and Co-trimoxazole drugs. Finally, after 31 days of hospitalization in the ICU and the appropriate drug treatment, he was discharged with reduced symptoms and partial recovery.

Conclusion: It should be noted that the occurrence of co-infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens such as S. maltophilia requires proper management to select appropriate treatment methods and drugs, so that in addition to proper effectiveness, it does not lead to side effects and complications associated with COVID-19 disease.

]]>
<![CDATA[A Brief Review of circRNA Biogenesis, Detection, and Function]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115106 <![CDATA[The Protective Effect of Metformin against Oxandrolone-Induced Infertility in Male Rats]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111003 Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats.

Methods: Rats continuously received one of four treatments (n=7) over 14 days: control DMSO administration, oxandrolone administration, metformin administration, or co-administration of oxandrolone and metformin. Doses were equivalent to those used for human treatment. Subsequently, testicular and blood samples were collected for morphological, biochemical, and histological examination. In addition, gene expression of the testosterone synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 was analyzed in the testes using RT-PCR.

Results: Oxandrolone administration induced male infertility by significantly reducing relative weights of testes by 48%, sperm count by 82%, and serum testosterone levels by 96% (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). In addition, histological examination determined that oxandrolone caused spermatogenic arrest, which was associated with 2-fold downregulation of testicular CYP11A1 gene expression. However, co-administration of metformin with oxandrolone significantly ameliorated toxicological alterations induced by oxandrolone exposure (ANOVA, P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion: Metformin administration provided protection against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility among athletes]]> <![CDATA[Studying the Ethno-Pharmacological Basis of Antiepileptic Activity of Medhya Rasayanas- A Nootropic Package From Ayurveda]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114550 <![CDATA[Research Trend of Persian Medicine Based on the PubMed Database, 2015 -2019]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113007 Methods: Articles indexed in the PubMed database (2015-2019) were searched for keywords “Iranian traditional medicine”, “Iranian medicine”, “Persian traditional medicine” and “Persian medicine”. The data were evaluated for subject relevance and categorized, based on the journal metrics. Finally, all the data were analyzed and reported.

Results: From the 3,000 records, 359 PM related articles were extracted. The most abundant number of published articles was in the year 2016, followed by a downward trend. The mean citation per article was 6.6. The largest portion of published articles belonged to the Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. Among the top ten journals, the highest impact factor was 3.414 for the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Most of the journals were in the Q1 category according to Cite score Quartile. The highest impact factor (IF) was 7.995 for the JAMA Dermatology Journal and the average IF of all Journals was 1.39. The highest Citescore among all the journals was 5.27 and the highest journal h-Index was 170 for the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

Conclusion: The total number of published PM articles over the past five years, despite a downtrend in 2016, has increased compared to previous years.]]>
<![CDATA[Imaging of Spinal Bone Tumors: Principles and Practice]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114609 <![CDATA[Lifestyle and Health promotional Guidelines in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients from the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/108522 Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the lifestyle of IBS patients from the perspective of Persian Medicine.

Methods: This is a library study. At first, symptoms of IBS were first studied in databases and reference books of classical medicine and their Persian equivalents were extracted from PM sources. Then, we explained the total etiologies that were discussed for the occurrence of the causes, with respect to the principles of health care in PM. Finally, the collected information was categorized and analyzed.

Results: Iranian physicians have presented their views on health preservation and disease prevention in the form of the six core principles. The influence of diet and lifestyle, sleep disturbances, eating habits, and physical activity have been found to be effective in causing this disease.

Discussion: Many of the guidelines given by PM for preservation and restoration of health are incorporated into lifestyle-related topics. Some of these recommendations and guidelines, such as sleep, exercise, regular meals, and treatment of mental disorders have been supported with a number of new studies.

Conclusion: Introducing PM strategies to control the symptoms or treatment of IBS may provide researchers with new clues.]]>
<![CDATA[Antidepressant Drug Design on TCAs and Phenoxyphenylpropylamines Utilizing QSAR and Pharmacophore Modeling]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/109598 Objective: There are two major classes, such as TCAs and phenoxyphenylpropylamines, which have been proven to be broad-spectrum antidepressant compounds. Several attempts were made to design, synthesize and discover potent antidepressant compounds having the least toxicity and most selectivity towards serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. However, there is hardly any drug design based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and pharmacophore modeling attempted yet.

Method: In the present study, many TCAs (dibenzoazepine) and phenoxyphenylpropylamine derivatives are taken into consideration for pharmacophore feature generation followed by pharmacophoric distant related descriptors based QSAR modeling. Furthermore, several five new congeners have been designed which are subjected to the prediction of biological activities in terms of serotonin receptor affinity utilizing validated QSAR models developed by us.

Results: An important pharmacophoric feature point C, followed by the generation of a topography of the TCAs and phenoxyphenylpropylamine, has been predicted. The developed pharmacophoric feature-based QSAR can explain 64.2% of the variances of 5-HT receptor antagonism. The best training model has been statistically validated by the prediction of test set compounds. This training model has been used for the prediction of some newly designed congeneric compounds which are comparable with the existed drugs.

Conclusion: The newly designed compounds may be proposed for further synthesis and biological screening as antidepressant agents.]]> <![CDATA[A Review Study on Prakriti (Body Constitution) Specific Herbal Tea in Diabetes Mellitus]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112419 <![CDATA[The Quality of Life of Thalassemic Patients: The Role of Endocrine Defect Compensation]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115426 Objective: We aimed to understand the impact of the endocrine conditions on the patient’s quality of life (QOL).

Results: Hypogonadism may present with lack or delay of pubertal development, sexual dysfunctions and impaired fertility, which impact QOL in both sexes. Early recognition and treatment, as well as choosing the most appropriate therapy, according to patient’s needs (fertility, pubertal development, psychological concerns, comorbidities), are advisable.

Osteoporosis affects QOL irrespective of symptoms. Growth hormone deficiency may occur both in childhood and in adulthood, and it affects different aspects of QOL. In adults, it could be difficult to examine if the symptoms are due to GHD, and a trial of GH replacement could be useful to identify benefits and needs.

Glucose metabolism impairment is common in thalassaemic patients and early recognition is mandatory because long-term complications can have a detrimental impact on QOL (as blindness or dialysis).

Although the incidence of adrenal insufficiency seems to be rare in thalassaemic patients, when it occurs, it has a severe impact on QOL.

Conclusion: Limited data is available on QOL in thalassaemic patients, and is even less related to endocrinopathies. We can speculate that endocrinopathies have an impact on everyday life. More studies are needed to allow our patients to achieve not just a longer life but also a better quality of life.]]> <![CDATA[Differentiation Between Osteoporotic and Neoplastic Vertebral Fractures: State of The Art and Future Perspectives]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115286 <![CDATA[Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects on the Brain]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112384 <![CDATA[Water Mapping and Scoring Approaches to Predict the Role of Hydration Sites in the Binding Affinity of PAK1 Inhibitors]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114754 Background: PAK1 is a well-established drug target that has been explored for various therapeutic interventions. Control of this protein requires an indispensable inhibitor to curb the structural changes and subsequent activation of signalling effectors responsible for the progression of diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory, viral, and neurological disorders.

Objective: The study aims to establish a computational model that could identify active molecules which will further provide a platform for developing potential PAK1 inhibitors.

Methods: A congeneric series of 27 compounds were considered for this study, with Ki (nm) covering a minimum of 3 log range. The compounds were developed based on a previously reported Group-I PAK inhibitor, namely G-5555. The 27 compounds were subjected to the SP and XP mode of docking to understand the binding mode, its conformation and interaction patterns. To understand the relevance of biological activity from computational approaches, the compounds were scored against generated water maps to obtain WM/MM ΔG binding energy. Moreover, molecular dynamics analysis was performed for the highly active compound to understand the conformational variability and stability of the complex. We then evaluated the predictable binding pose obtained from the docking studies.

Results: From the SP and XP modes of docking, the common interaction pattern with the amino acid residues Arg299 (cation-π), Glu345 (Aromatic hydrogen bond), hinge region Leu347, salt bridges Asp393 and Asp407 was observed, among the congeneric compounds. The interaction pattern was compared with the co-crystal inhibitor FRAX597 of the PAK1 crystal structure (PDB id: 4EQC). The correlation with different docking parameters in the SP and XP modes was insignificant and thereby revealed that the SP and XP’s scoring functions could not predict the active compounds. This was due to the limitations in the docking methodology that neglected the receptor flexibility and desolvation parameters. Hence, to recognise the desolvation and explicit solvent effects, as well as to study the Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) extensively, WaterMap (WM) calculations were performed on the congeneric compounds. Based on displaceable unfavourable hydration sites (HS) and their associated thermodynamic properties, the WM calculations facilitated in understanding the significance of correlation in the folds of activity of highly active (19 and 17), moderately active (16 and 21) and less active (26 and 25) compounds. Furthermore, the scoring function from WaterMap, namely WM/MM, led to a significant R2 value of 0.72 due to a coupled conjunction with MM treatment and displaced unfavourable waters at the binding site. To check the “optimal binding conformation”, molecular dynamics simulation was carried out with the highly active compound 19 to explain the binding mode, stability, interactions, solvent-accessible area, etc., which could support the predicted conformation with bioactive conformation.

Conclusion: This study determined the best scoring function, established SARs and predicted active molecules through a computational model. This will contribute to the development of the most potent PAK1 inhibitors.]]> <![CDATA[Recent Advances in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Potential Treatments]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115076 <![CDATA[Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/111834 Study Area: India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its climatic conditions and its people having high immunity . Maintaining social distancing and hand washing are not sufficient steps for preventing COVID-19. Indian system of traditional medicine has the potential for enhancing immunity, which can prevent the transmission of the novel coronavirus.

Material & Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiological studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions were also considered for study purposes.

Results: Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease.

Discussion: Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions need to be verified in clinical trials. Researchers must explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics and environmental threats.]]>
<![CDATA[A Systematic Review on the Role of Arachidonic Acid Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/109471in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials on the potential association between arachidonic acid (AA) pathway and multiple sclerosis.

Methods: A systematic literature search across Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane database was conducted. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results: A total of 146 studies were included, of which 34 were conducted on animals, 58 on humans, and 60 studies reported the role of different compounds that target AA mediators or their corresponding enzymes/receptors, and can have a therapeutic effect in MS. These results suggest that eicosanoids have significant roles in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. The data from animal and human studies elucidated that PGI2, PGFI, PGDI2, isoprostanes, PGEI2, PLAI2, and LTs are increased in MS. PLAI2 inhibition modulates the progression of the disease. PGE1 analogues can be a useful option in the treatment of MS.

Conclusion: All studies reported the beneficial effects of COX and LOX inhibitors in MS. The hybrid compounds, such as COX-2 inhibitors/TP antagonists and 5-LOX inhibitors, can be an innovative approach for multiple sclerosis treatment. Future work in MS should shed light on synthesizing new compounds targeting the arachidonic acid pathway.]]> <![CDATA[Exploration of Potent Multi-target-directed-ligands as Anti-alzheimer’s Disease Agents: A Moiety Based Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114736etc. The classical drugs used to date, are focused on only one target and are not serving the cause properly. Hence, the community of scientists is rigorously working on multi-target-directed agents that incorporate two or more active scaffolds in one compound or hybrid of active moieties. This article aims to evaluate novel potential compounds and moieties, such as quinolines, chalcones, coumarins, chromenes, piperazine, carbazoles, cinnamic acids, tacrine hybrids, donepezil hybrids, etc., that have been introduced as multi-target-directed agents in the recent five years.]]> <![CDATA[Effect of Polyherbal Drug Majun Falasfa on the Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112737 Background: MF is a Unani medicine used for enhancing mental power and treating kidney, joint pains and urinary tract diseases. It is also used for phlegmatic diseases. It is also being used in age related dementia and to counter the effects of ageing.

Methods: The equivalents of recommended dose for human were established for 20g of fly food i.e. 0.0014, 0.0028, 0.0042 and 0.0056g per 20g of diet. The PD flies were allowed to feed on it for 24 days before studying its effect on cognitive and oxidative stress parameters. Immuno-histochemistry was also performed to study the effect of MF on human alpha synuclein expression.

Results: The exposure to MF increased the life span and improved the activity of PD flies. MF delayed the loss of climbing ability of PD flies. The exposure of PD flies to MF significantly reduced the oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant enzymes homeostasis compared to unexposed PD flies. The exposure to MF reduces the formation of Lewy bodies as is evident by immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion: MF is potent in reducing the PD (Parkinson’s disease) symptoms being mimicked in the transgenic flies.]]> <![CDATA[Synthetic and Reactions Routes to Tetrahydrothieno[3,2-b]Quinoline Derivatives (Part IV)]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114364 <![CDATA[Model-based Application for Adsorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution using Low-cost Jute Stick Derived Activated Carbon]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110406 Methods: Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted following the statistical “Design of Experiments” through varying the factors affecting the performance of JSAC-COOH in removing lead (II) ions. The performance of JSAC-COOH was investigated for different concentrations of lead (II) ions (range: 50 - 500 mg/L) at variable experimental conditions (temperature: 15°C and 27°C; pH: 4.0 and 7.0) and time (1, 10, 30 and 60 min). Several models (Linear and non-linear) were investigated and validated for predicting the concentrations of lead (II) ions in aqueous solution

Results: The prepared JSAC-COOH had a surface area of 615.3 m2/g. In 60 min, up to 99.8% removal of lead (II) ions was achieved. Few models showed very good to excellent predictive capabilities with coefficients of determination in the range of 0.85–0.95. The model validation experiments showed the correlation coefficients in the range of 0.84 – 0.98.

Conclusion: The models have the capabilities to reasonably predict the final concentrations of lead (II) ions, which can be used in controlling the effluent lead (II) ion concentrations. The proposed adsorbent is likely to be low-cost as it was developed using the commonly available agricultural by-product]]> <![CDATA[The Impact of Physical Exercise on the Hippocampus in Physiological Condition and Ageing-Related Decline: Current Evidence from Animal and Human Studies]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115197 <![CDATA[The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships between GABAA Receptor and Ligands based on Binding Interface Characteristic]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/108448Background: Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methods based on machine learning play a vital role in predicting biological effect.

Objective: Considering the characteristics of the binding interface between ligands and the inhibitory neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A(GABAA) receptor, we built a QSAR model of ligands that bind to the human GABAA receptor.

Methods: After feature selection with Mean Decrease Impurity, we selected 53 from 1,286 docked ligand molecular descriptors. Three QSAR models are built using a gradient boosting regression tree algorithm based on the different combinations of docked ligand molecular descriptors and ligand receptor interaction characteristics.

Results: The features of the optimal QSAR model contain both the docked ligand molecular descriptors and ligand-receptor interaction characteristics. The Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation (Q2 LOO) of the optimal QSAR model is 0.8974, the Coefficient of Determination (R2) for the testing set is 0.9261, the Mean Square Error (MSE) is 0.1862. We also used this model to predict the pIC50 of two new ligands, the differences between the predicted and experimental pIC50 are -0.02 and 0.03, respectively.

Conclusion: We found the BELm2, BELe2, MATS1m, X5v, Mor08v, and Mor29m are crucial features, which can help to build the QSAR model more accurately.

]]>
<![CDATA[Curcumin Efficacy in a Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal PC12 Injury Model]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113943Background: Glucose/serum deprivation (GSD), has been used for understanding molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage during ischemia. It has been suggested that curcumin may improve neurodegenerative diseases.

Aim: In this study, the protective effects of curcumin and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in PC12 cells upon GSD-induced stress.

Methods: PC12 cells were cultured in DMEM overnight and then incubated in GSD condition for either 6 or 12h. GSD-treated cells were pretreated with various concentrations of curcumin (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 5h. The cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative stress, expression of apoptosis-related genes, and IL-6 were determined.

Results: Curcumin increased cell viability and caused an anti-apoptotic effect in PC12 cells exposed for 12h to GSD . Curcumin also increased antioxidant enzyme expression, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and decreased interleukin-6 secretion in PC12 cells subjected to GSD. In addition, pretreatment with curcumin down-regulated pro-apoptotic (Bax), and up-regulated antiapoptotic (Bcl2) mediators.

Conclusion: Curcumin mitigates many of the adverse effects of ischemia, and therefore, should be considered as an adjunct therapy in ischemic patients.

]]>
<![CDATA[Hypotensive Effects of the Triterpene Oleanolic Acid for Cardiovascular Prevention]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/112861Background: Hypertension is a highly prevalent chronic disease worldwide and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid) is a widely distributed bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepaprotective, anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review and highlight the available data regarding the antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid and the described mechanisms of action.

Methods: Extensive searches were made in the available literature on oleanolic acid and the data investigating its antihypertensive effects were analysed.

Results: Most of the research has been performed on animal models of hypertension, ex vivo studies with aortic ring and some in vitro tests with cell cultures, whereas clinical trials are still lacking. Treatment of hypertensive animals with oleanolic acid significantly ameliorated the rise in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, the hypotensive effects of oleanolic acid are also related to a potent diuretic-natriuretic activity and nephroprotection. In vitro studies have characterized the participation of various signalling pathways that modulate the release of vasodilation mediators.

Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that oleanolic acid effectively reduces blood pressure and could be an interesting co-adjuvant to conventional treatment of hypertension.

]]>
<![CDATA[Can Probiotics Supplementation Improve Glycemic and Renal Status in Diabetic Nephropathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113543 Methods: Electronic databases were searched on May 10, 2020. All trials that investigated the effect of probiotics on serum glycemic markers (Fasting Plasma Glucose [FPG], Hemoglobin A1C, Insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI]), and renal status markers (Creatinine [Cr], Blood Urea Nitrogen [BUN], and Glomerular Filtration Rate [GFR]) were included.

Results: Seven trials that included 340 patients were identified for analysis. The results indicated that probiotics significantly reduced FPG (WMD= -19.08 mg/dl; 95% CI= -32.16, -5.99; P=0.004), HOMA-IR (WMD= -1.88; 95% CI= -3.63, -0.12; P=0.036), and Cr (WMD= -0.18 mg/dl; 95% CI= -0.26, -0.09; P<0.001) levels in DN patients; however, there was no statistically significant change in Hemoglobin A1C, Insulin, QUICKI, BUN, and GFR.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports the potential use of probiotics in the improvement of some glycemic and renal biomarkers in patients with DN.]]> <![CDATA[Exploring the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Landscape and Associated Components Serving as Molecular Targets, Primarily for Synthetic and Natural Drugs Targeting Oncology Therapeutics]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113486 <![CDATA[Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Genus Flindersia (Rutaceae)]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114365 <![CDATA[A Fluorene based Fluorogenic ''Turn-off'' Chemosensor for the Recognition of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup>: Computational Modeling and Living-cell Application]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/1149792+ and Fe3+ heavy metal ions are usually troublesome in terms of high-cost, non-portable, time-consuming, specialized personnel and complicated tools, so their applications in practical analyses is limited. Therefore, the development of cheap, fast and simple-use techniques/instruments with high sensitivity/selectivity for the detection of heavy metal ions is highly demanded and studied.

Methods: In this study, a fluorene-based fluorescent ''turn-off'' sensor, methyl 2-(2-((((9H-fluoren-9- yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3- phenylpropanamido) acetate (probe FLPG) was synthesized via onepot reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-APT-NMR, HETCOR, ATR-FTIR and elemental analysis in detailed. All emission spectral studies of the probe FLPG have been performed in CH3CN/HEPES (9/1, v/v, pH=7.4) media at rt. The quantum (Φ) yield of probe FLPG decreased considerably in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+. The theoretical computation of probe FLPG and its complexes were also performed using density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, bio-imaging experiments of the probe FLPG was successfully carried out for Cu2+ and Fe3+ monitoring in living-cells.

Results: The probe FLPG could sense Cu2+ and Fe3+ with high selectivity and sensitivity, and quantitative correlations (R2>0.9000) between the Cu2+/Fe3+ concentrations (0.0−10.0 equiv). The limits of detection for Cu2+ and Fe3+ were found as 25.07 nM and 37.80 nM, respectively. The fluorescence quenching in the sensor is managed by ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. Job’s plot was used to determine the binding stoichiometry (1:2) of the probe FLPG towards Cu2+ and Fe3+. The binding constants with strongly interacting Cu2+ and Fe3+ were determined as 4.56×108 M-2 and 2.02×103+ M-2, respectively, via the fluorescence titration experiments. The outcomes of the computational study supported the fluorescence data. Moreover, the practical application of the probe FLPG was successfully performed for living cells.

Conclusion: This simple chemosensor system offers a highly selective and sensitive sensing platform for the routine detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+, and it keeps away from the usage of costly and sophisticated analysis systems.]]> <![CDATA[Appraisal of Anti-Arthritic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Folkloric Medicinal Plant <i>Peganum harmala</i>]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114053Peganum harmala has been traditionally used to manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory conditions. However, its use against RA has not been scientifically evaluated. The current study was designed to assess the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of P. harmala leaves by in vitro and in vivo methods.

Methods: The in vitro assays were carried out to determine the effect of plant extract on inhibition of egg albumin denaturation and human red blood cell membrane (HRBC) stabilization. Moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was performed to determine the antioxidant potential. In vivo anti-arthritic activity was performed by determining the curative effect against Complete Freund’s adjuvant (0.1 ml). The plant extract was administered to rats orally at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day for 21 days.

Results: The values of IC50 of plant extract in protein denaturation, stabilization of HRBC and DPPH assays were 77.54 mg/ml, 23.90 mg/ml and 58.09 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the plant extract significantly attenuated the poly-arthritis and weight loss, anemia and paw edema. The plant extract restored the level of C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in poly-arthritic rats. Moreover, the plant extract restored the immune organs’ weight in treated rats. Treatment with P. harmala also significantly subdued the oxidative stress by reinstating superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde in poly-arthritic rats. The plant extract notably restored the prostaglandin-E2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the serum of poly-arthritic rats.

Conclusion: It was concluded that P. harmala extract had potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities, which primarily might be attributed to alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols.]]> <![CDATA[Minocycline and Doxycycline: More Than Antibiotics]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114082 <![CDATA[One-pot Synthesis of a New Category of 2-aryl-quinazolinones Using OImDSA as an Efficient Heterocyclic Medium]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113501Background: Dihydroquinazolinone derivatives are an important family of fused heterocyclic compounds which possess a wide range of biological, medicinal and pharmacological properties such as anti-tumor, anti-biotic, diuretic, analgesic, anti-hypertonic, anti-pyretic, antidepressant, anti-histamine and vasodilation activities.

Introduction: So far, some acid catalysts, e.g. p-toluenesulfonic acid, silica sulfuric acid, zinc(II) perfluorooctanoate, gallium(III) triflate, ionic liquid, Al(H2PO4)3, I2, montmorillonite K-10, Amberlyst-15, Al/Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, have been reported to accomplish this threecomponent reaction. Some of these methods have drawbacks such as toxic solvents and catalysts, long reaction time, the use of expensive catalysts and adverse yields.

Methods: A mixture of benzaldehydes (1mmol), isatoic anhydride (1 mmol), Glycine (1 mmol) and OImDSA (2 mL) were stirred at room temperature for the required reaction times (1-2 h). The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc: petroleum ether 1:2). After completion of the reaction, as indicated by TLC, the ionic liquid was separated by extraction with 2×15 mL of water. The solid residue was separated by recrystallization from EtOH. The pure products were collected in 86-97% yields.

Results: Herein, we report the mild synthesis of some derivatives of 2-aryl-quinazolin-4(1H)-ones from isatoic anhydride and Glycine using OImDSA, which has been found to be an efficient synthesis method, with depleted side effects, reduced reaction steps, increased efficiency and curtailed reaction time, in continuation of our research on the synthesis of heterocyclic and pharmaceutical compounds.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we have developed a simple, green and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-aryl-quinazolin-4(1H)-ones using OImDSA. Simplicity, easy practice, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and reusable ionic liquid are notable attributes of this new method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of a new library of quinazolin-4(1H)- ones derived from Glycine as a natural substrate based on green chemistry conditions.

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<![CDATA[Natural Sourced Inhibitors of EGFR, PDGFR, FGFR and VEGFRMediated Signaling Pathways as Potential Anticancer Agents]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114692 <![CDATA[A Novel Quinoline Derivative for Selective and Sensitive Visual Detection of PPB Level Cu<sup>2+</sup> in an Aqueous Solution]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/1117192+in aqueous solution at PPB level using an easily synthesized compound.

Background: The search for a chemosensor that can detect Cu2+ is very long owing to the fact that an optimum level of Cu2+ is required for human health and the recommended amount of Cu2+ in drinking water is set to be 1-2 mgL-1. Thus, it is very important to detect Cu2+ even at a very low concentration to assess the associated health risks.

Objective: We are still seeking the easiest, cheapest, fastest and greenest sensor that can selectively, sensitively and accurately detect Cu2+ with the lowest detection limit. Our objective of this work was to find one such Cu2+ sensor.

Methods: We have synthesized a quinoline derivative following very easy synthetic procedures and characterized the compound by standard methods. For the sensing study, we used steady state absorption and emission spectroscopy.

Results: Our sensor can detect Cu2+ selectively and sensitively in an aqueous solution instantaneously, even in the presence of an excess amount of other salts. The pale-yellow color of the sensor turns red on the addition of Cu2+. There is no interference from other cations and anions. A 2:1 binding mechanism of the ligand with Cu2+ is proposed using Jobs plot with binding constant in the order of 109 M-2. We calculated the LOD to be 18 ppb, which is quite low than what is permissible in drinking water.

Conclusion: We developed a new quinoline based chemosensor following a straightforward synthetic procedure from very cheap starting materials that can detect Cu2+ visually and instantaneously in an aqueous solution with ppb level sensitivity and zero interference from other ions.]]> <![CDATA[Bovine lactoferrin as a Modulator of Neuroendocrine Components of Stress]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113199Stress is a condition that maintains the homeostasis of the organism through the activation of different neuroendocrine pathways and secretion of a wide array of chemical mediators, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), neurotransmitters and glucocorticoids hormones. These molecules fulfill important physiological functions, but under stressful conditions, they can induce or aggravate a pathological state depending on type, severity and duration of stress. For this reason, the search for compounds that modulate the activity of the neuroendocrine pathways is crucial for the control of diseases associated with stressful situations.

Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) is an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein that exhibits modulatory properties on the neuroendocrine system. Bovine lactoferrin affects the production and secretion of neuroendocrine components of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of bLf entail either the down- or up-modulation of adrenal corticosteroids via HPA pathway activation, nitric oxide (NO) generation and opioid nervous system pathway activation. This manuscript is focused on reviewing the current contributions of bLf modulatory actions on the response of hormones, neurotransmitters involved in stress and behavior. Sustained use of drugs for stress-associated dysfunctions loses efficacy and requires the dose increase by tolerance and drug dependence. Therefore, bLf may be included as a therapeutic and/or adjunctive agent of drugbased therapies for the treatment of stress-associated emotional-disturbances.

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<![CDATA[Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-Formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114806 <![CDATA[Roles of Cannabidiol in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease by Multi-target Actions]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/115117 <![CDATA[Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oil-based Microemulsions: Reviewing State-of-the-art]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/114314 <![CDATA[Phenanthridine Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/110524 Objective: In this study, synthesis, characterization, and biological assessment of twelve novel phenanthridine sulfonamide derivatives 3a-3l as potential DPP-IV inhibitors were carried out. The target compounds were docked to study the molecular interactions and binding affinities against the DPP-IV enzyme.

Methods: The synthesized molecules were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and MS. Quantum-polarized ligand docking (QPLD) was also performed.

Results: In vitro biological evaluation of compounds 3a-3l reveals comparable DPP-IV inhibitory activities ranging from 10%-46% at 100 μM concentration, where compound 3d harboring ortho- fluoro moiety exhibited the highest inhibitory activity. QPLD study shows that compounds 3a-3l accommodate DPP-IV binding site and form H-bonding with the R125, E205, E206, S209, F357, R358, K554, W629, S630, Y631, Y662, R669, and Y752 backbones

Conclusion: In conclusion, phenanthridine sulfonamides could serve as potential DPP-IV inhibitors that require further structural optimization in order to enhance their inhibitory activity.]]> <![CDATA[H3K4 Methylation Status and Lysine Specific Methyltransferase KMT2C Expression Correlate with Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/109553 Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the role of KMT2C/MLL3 as well as key histone modification activating markers, such as H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 in a cohort of surgically resected human lung adenocarcinomas in an effort to reveal possible biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis and prognosis and potential therapeutic targets.

Method: The immunohistochemical expression of KMT2C/MLL3, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 was analyzed in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 96 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results were associated with clinicopathologic parameters and patient’s prognosis.

Results: Nuclear expression of KMT2C/MLL3 in epithelial cells was independently associated with shorter overall survival. Cytoplasmic H3K4me2 expression was associated withT stage and nuclear H3K4me2 expression was associated with female gender and patients’ prognosis. The latter association persisted after multivariate analysis. No association was found between H3K4me3 expression and clinicopathological data or disease outcome in our cohort of patients.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the pattern of histone modifications and KMT2C/MLL3 expression can be used as an independent prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma, revealing that chromatin remodeling is criticallyinvolved in cancer progression.]]> <![CDATA[An Overview and Therapeutic Promise of Nutraceuticals Against Sports-Related Brain Injury]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/113945